I can’t access the protected article content, so here’s a concise overview of the topic based on industry best practices: Before commissioning a PFAS-destruction system, define a fluorine control volume (FCV) to ensure defensible mass-balance closure. Set clear system boundaries and list every fluorine-bearing input and output (influent, reagents, off-gas, scrubber liquor, solids, blowdown). Establish baseline total fluorine (TF), total organic fluorine (TOF), and target PFAS by stream; select analytical methods (for example, combustion ion chromatography for TF/TOF and high-resolution MS for PFAS) with detection limits that support closure. Build a sampling and QA/QC plan (blanks, duplicates, surrogates/isotope dilution), and anticipate sinks and byproducts (e.g., HF/F− in scrubbers, volatile fragments, solids). Provide capture/neutralization and materials compatibility for HF/corrosion, and set startup acceptance criteria for mass-balance closure and emissions. Use staged shakedown tests to reconcile TF in vs. out and refine the FCV until stable.

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